Syntax¶
This appendix collects the syntax productions listed throughout the language specification. There are no new syntax productions listed in this appendix. The productions are listed both alphabetically and in application order for convenience.
Productions Listed in Alphabetical Order
Productions Listed in Application Order
Productions Listed in Alphabetical Order¶
aligned-range-expression:
range-expression 'align' expression
argument-list:
( formals[OPT] )
array-literal:
rectangular-array-literal
associative-array-literal
array-type:
[ domain-expression[OPT] ] type-expression[OPT]
assignment-operator: one of
= += -= *= /= %= **= &= |= ^= &&= ||= <<= >>=
assignment-statement:
lvalue-expression assignment-operator expression
associative-array-literal:
[ associative-expr-list ]
[ associative-expr-list , ]
associative-domain-literal:
{ associative-expression-list }
associative-domain-type:
'domain' ( associative-index-type )
associative-expr-list:
index-expr => value-expr
index-expr => value-expr, associative-expr-list
associative-expression-list:
non-range-expression
non-range-expression, associative-expression-list
associative-index-type:
type-expression
atomic-type:
'atomic' type-expression
base-domain-type:
rectangular-domain-type
associative-domain-type
basic-class-type:
identifier
identifier ( named-expression-list )
begin-statement:
'begin' task-intent-clause[OPT] statement
binary-digit: one of
'0' '1'
binary-digits:
binary-digit
binary-digit separator-binary-digits
binary-expression:
expression binary-operator expression
binary-operator: one of
+ - * / % ** & | ^ << >> && || == != <= >= < > 'by' #
block-statement:
{ statements[OPT] }
bool-literal: one of
'true' 'false'
break-statement:
'break' identifier[OPT] ;
bytes-literal:
interpreted-bytes-literal
uninterpreted-bytes-literal
call-expression:
lvalue-expression ( named-expression-list )
lvalue-expression [ named-expression-list ]
parenthesesless-function-identifier
cast-expression:
expression : type-expression
class-declaration-statement:
'class' identifier class-inherit[OPT] { class-statement-list[OPT] }
class-inherit:
: basic-class-type
class-statement:
variable-declaration-statement
method-declaration-statement
type-declaration-statement
empty-statement
class-statement-list:
class-statement
class-statement class-statement-list
class-type:
basic-class-type
'owned' basic-class-type
'shared' basic-class-type
'borrowed' basic-class-type
'unmanaged' basic-class-type
cobegin-statement:
'cobegin' task-intent-clause[OPT] block-statement
coforall-statement:
'coforall' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] 'do' statement
'coforall' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] block-statement
'coforall' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] 'do' statement
'coforall' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] block-statement
conditional-statement:
'if' expression 'then' statement else-part[OPT]
'if' expression block-statement else-part[OPT]
'if' ctrl-decl 'then' statement else-part[OPT]
'if' ctrl-decl block-statement else-part[OPT]
config-extern-or-export: one of
'config' 'extern' 'export'
continue-statement:
'continue' identifier[OPT] ;
counted-range-expression:
range-expression # expression
ctrl-decl:
'var' identifier '=' expression
'const' identifier '=' expression
dataparallel-type:
range-type
domain-type
mapped-domain-type
array-type
index-type
default-expression:
= expression
defer-statement:
'defer' statement
delete-statement:
'delete' expression-list ;
digit: one of
'0' '1' '2' '3' '4' '5' '6' '7' '8' '9'
digits:
digit
digit separator-digits
distribution-record:
expression
do-while-statement:
'do' statement 'while' expression ;
domain-alignment-expression:
domain-expression 'align' expression
domain-assignment-expression:
domain-name = domain-expression
domain-expression:
domain-literal
domain-name
domain-assignment-expression
domain-striding-expression
domain-alignment-expression
domain-slice-expression
domain-literal:
rectangular-domain-literal
associative-domain-literal
domain-name:
identifier
domain-slice-expression:
domain-expression [ slicing-index-set ]
domain-expression ( slicing-index-set )
domain-striding-expression:
domain-expression 'by' expression
domain-type:
base-domain-type
simple-subdomain-type
sparse-subdomain-type
double-quote-delimited-characters:
string-character double-quote-delimited-characters[OPT]
' double-quote-delimited-characters[OPT]
else-part:
'else' statement
empty-statement:
;
enum-constant:
identifier init-part[OPT]
enum-constant-expression:
enum-type . identifier
enum-constant-list:
enum-constant
enum-constant , enum-constant-list[OPT]
enum-declaration-statement:
'enum' identifier { enum-constant-list }
enum-type:
identifier
exclude-list:
operator-name
identifier
operator-name , exclude-list
identifier , exclude-list
exponent-part:
'e' sign[OPT] digits
'E' sign[OPT] digits
exported-procedure-declaration-statement:
'export' external-name[OPT] 'proc' identifier argument-list return-intent[OPT] return-type[OPT]
function-body
expression:
literal-expression
variable-expression
enum-constant-expression
call-expression
type-expression
iteratable-call-expression
member-access-expression
new-expression
query-expression
cast-expression
lvalue-expression
parenthesized-expression
unary-expression
binary-expression
let-expression
if-expression
for-expression
forall-expression
reduce-expression
scan-expression
module-access-expression
tuple-expression
tuple-expand-expression
locale-query-expression
type-query-expression
mapped-domain-expression
expression-list:
expression
expression , expression-list
expression-statement:
variable-expression ;
member-access-expression ;
call-expression ;
new-expression ;
let-expression ;
external-name:
expression
external-procedure-declaration-statement:
'extern' external-name[OPT] 'proc' identifier argument-list return-intent[OPT] return-type[OPT]
external-record-declaration-statement:
'extern' external-name[OPT] simple-record-declaration-statement
external-type-alias-declaration-statement:
'extern' external-name[OPT] 'type' type-alias-declaration-list ;
field-access-expression:
receiver-clause[OPT] identifier
for-expression:
'for' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression 'do' expression
'for' iteratable-expression 'do' expression
for-statement:
'for' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression 'do' statement
'for' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression block-statement
'for' iteratable-expression 'do' statement
'for' iteratable-expression block-statement
forall-expression:
'forall' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] 'do' expression
'forall' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] 'do' expression
[ index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] ] expression
[ iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] ] expression
forall-statement:
'forall' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] 'do' statement
'forall' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] block-statement
'forall' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] 'do' statement
'forall' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] block-statement
[ index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] ] statement
[ iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] ] statement
formal:
formal-intent[OPT] identifier formal-type[OPT] default-expression[OPT]
formal-intent[OPT] identifier formal-type[OPT] variable-argument-expression
formal-intent[OPT] tuple-grouped-identifier-list formal-type[OPT] default-expression[OPT]
formal-intent[OPT] tuple-grouped-identifier-list formal-type[OPT] variable-argument-expression
formal-intent:
'const'
'const in'
'const ref'
'in'
'out'
'inout'
'ref'
'param'
'type'
formal-type:
: type-expression
formals:
formal
formal , formals
function-body:
'do' statement
block-statement
hexadecimal-digit: one of
'0' '1' '2' '3' '4' '5' '6' '7' '8' '9' 'A' 'B' 'C' 'D' 'E' 'F' 'a' 'b' 'c' 'd' 'e' 'f'
hexadecimal-digits:
hexadecimal-digit
hexadecimal-digit separator-hexadecimal-digits
hexadecimal-escape-character:
'\x' hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit[OPT]
identifier:
letter-or-underscore legal-identifier-chars[OPT]
identifier-list:
identifier
identifier , identifier-list
tuple-grouped-identifier-list
tuple-grouped-identifier-list , identifier-list
if-expression:
'if' expression 'then' expression 'else' expression
'if' expression 'then' expression
imaginary-literal:
real-literal 'i'
integer-literal 'i'
import-expression:
module-or-symbol-rename
module-or-symbol-base unqualified-list
import-expression-list:
import-expression
import-expression , import-expression-list
import-statement:
privacy-specifier[OPT] 'import' import-expression-list ;
index-expr:
expression
index-type:
'index' ( domain-expression )
index-var-declaration:
identifier
tuple-grouped-identifier-list
init-part:
= expression
initialization-part:
= expression
integer-literal:
digits
'0x' hexadecimal-digits
'0X' hexadecimal-digits
'0o' octal-digits
'0O' octal-digits
'0b' binary-digits
'0B' binary-digits
integer-parameter-expression:
expression
interpreted-bytes-literal:
b" double-quote-delimited-characters[OPT] "
b' single-quote-delimited-characters[OPT] '
interpreted-string-literal:
" double-quote-delimited-characters[OPT] "
' single-quote-delimited-characters[OPT] '
iteratable-call-expression:
call-expression
iteratable-expression:
expression
'zip' ( expression-list )
iterator-declaration-statement:
privacy-specifier[OPT] 'iter' iterator-name argument-list[OPT] yield-intent[OPT] yield-type[OPT] where-clause[OPT]
function-body
iterator-name:
identifier
label-statement:
'label' identifier statement
legal-identifier-char:
letter-or-underscore
digit
'$'
legal-identifier-chars:
legal-identifier-char legal-identifier-chars[OPT]
let-expression:
'let' variable-declaration-list 'in' expression
letter: one of
'A' 'B' 'C' 'D' 'E' 'F' 'G' 'H' 'I' 'J' 'K' 'L' 'M' 'N' 'O' 'P' 'Q' 'R' 'S' 'T' 'U' 'V' 'W' 'X' 'Y' 'Z'
'a' 'b' 'c' 'd' 'e' 'f' 'g' 'h' 'i' 'j' 'k' 'l' 'm' 'n' 'o' 'p' 'q' 'r' 's' 't' 'u' 'v' 'w' 'x' 'y' 'z'
letter-or-underscore:
letter
'_'
limitation-clause:
'except' exclude-list
'only' rename-list[OPT]
literal-expression:
bool-literal
integer-literal
real-literal
imaginary-literal
string-literal
bytes-literal
range-literal
domain-literal
array-literal
locale-query-expression:
expression . 'locale'
lvalue-expression:
variable-expression
member-access-expression
call-expression
parenthesized-expression
manage-statement:
'manage' manager-expression-list 'do' statement
'manage' manager-expression-list block-statement
manager-expression:
expression 'as' variable-kind identifier
expression 'as' identifier
expression
manager-expression-list:
manager-expression
manager-expression-list ',' manager-expression
mapped-domain-expression:
domain-expression 'dmapped' distribution-record
mapped-domain-type:
domain-type 'dmapped' distribution-record
member-access-expression:
field-access-expression
method-call-expression
method-call-expression:
receiver-clause[OPT] expression ( named-expression-list )
receiver-clause[OPT] expression [ named-expression-list ]
receiver-clause[OPT] parenthesesless-function-identifier
method-declaration-statement:
procedure-kind[OPT] proc-or-iter this-intent[OPT] type-binding[OPT] identifier argument-list[OPT]
return-intent[OPT] return-type[OPT] where-clause[OPT] function-body
module-access-expression:
module-identifier-list . identifier
module-declaration-statement:
privacy-specifier[OPT] prototype-specifier[OPT] 'module' module-identifier block-statement
module-identifier:
identifier
module-identifier-list:
module-identifier
module-identifier . module-identifier-list
module-or-enum-name:
rename-base
identifier . module-or-enum-name
module-or-enum-name-list:
module-or-enum-name limitation-clause[OPT]
module-or-enum-name , module-or-enum-name-list
module-or-symbol-base:
identifier
identifier . module-or-symbol-base
module-or-symbol-rename:
rename-base
identifier . module-or-symbol-rename
named-expression:
expression
identifier = expression
named-expression-list:
named-expression
named-expression , named-expression-list
new-expression:
'new' type-expression ( argument-list )
non-range-expression:
expression
octal-digit: one of
'0' '1' '2' '3' '4' '5' '6' '7'
octal-digits:
octal-digit
octal-digit separator-octal-digits
on-statement:
'on' expression 'do' statement
'on' expression block-statement
operator-name: one of
'align' 'by'
+ - * / % ** : ! == != <= >= < > << >> & | ^ ~
= += -= *= /= %= **= &= |= ^= <<= >>= <=> #
p-exponent-part:
'p' sign[OPT] digits
'P' sign[OPT] digits
param-for-statement:
'for' 'param' identifier 'in' param-iteratable-expression 'do' statement
'for' 'param' identifier 'in' param-iteratable-expression block-statement
param-iteratable-expression:
range-literal
range-literal 'by' integer-literal
parenthesesless-function-identifier:
identifier
parenthesized-expression:
( expression )
primitive-type:
'void'
'nothing'
'bool'
'int' primitive-type-parameter-part[OPT]
'uint' primitive-type-parameter-part[OPT]
'real' primitive-type-parameter-part[OPT]
'imag' primitive-type-parameter-part[OPT]
'complex' primitive-type-parameter-part[OPT]
'string'
'bytes'
'enum'
'record'
'class'
'owned'
'shared'
'unmanaged'
'borrowed'
primitive-type-parameter-part:
( integer-parameter-expression )
privacy-specifier:
'private'
'public'
proc-or-iter:
'proc'
'iter'
procedure-declaration-statement:
privacy-specifier[OPT] procedure-kind[OPT] 'proc' identifier argument-list[OPT] return-intent[OPT] return-type[OPT] where-clause[OPT] function-body
privacy-specifier[OPT] procedure-kind[OPT] 'operator' operator-name argument-list return-intent[OPT] return-type[OPT] where-clause[OPT] function-body
procedure-kind:
'inline'
'export'
'extern'
'override'
prototype-specifier:
'prototype'
query-expression:
? identifier[OPT]
range-expression:
expression
strided-range-expression
counted-range-expression
aligned-range-expression
sliced-range-expression
range-expression-list:
range-expression
range-expression, range-expression-list
range-literal:
expression .. expression
expression ..< expression
expression ..
.. expression
..< expression
..
range-type:
'range' ( named-expression-list )
real-literal:
digits[OPT] . digits exponent-part[OPT]
digits .[OPT] exponent-part
'0x' hexadecimal-digits[OPT] . hexadecimal-digits p-exponent-part[OPT]
'0X' hexadecimal-digits[OPT] . hexadecimal-digits p-exponent-part[OPT]
'0x' hexadecimal-digits .[OPT] p-exponent-part
'0X' hexadecimal-digits .[OPT] p-exponent-part
receiver-clause:
expression .
record-declaration-statement:
simple-record-declaration-statement
external-record-declaration-statement
record-statement:
variable-declaration-statement
method-declaration-statement
type-declaration-statement
empty-statement
record-statement-list:
record-statement
record-statement record-statement-list
record-type:
identifier
identifier ( named-expression-list )
rectangular-array-literal:
[ expression-list ]
[ expression-list , ]
rectangular-domain-literal:
{ range-expression-list }
rectangular-domain-type:
'domain' ( named-expression-list )
reduce-expression:
reduce-scan-operator 'reduce' iteratable-expression
class-type 'reduce' iteratable-expression
reduce-scan-operator: one of
+ * && || & | ^ 'min' 'max' 'minmax' 'minloc' 'maxloc'
remote-variable-declaration-statement:
'on' expression variable-declaration-statement
rename-base:
identifier 'as' identifier
identifier 'as' _
identifier
operator-name
rename-list:
rename-base
rename-base , rename-list
require-statement:
'require' string-or-identifier-list ;
return-intent:
'const'
'const ref'
'out'
'ref'
'param'
'type'
return-statement:
'return' expression[OPT] ;
return-type:
: type-expression
scan-expression:
reduce-scan-operator 'scan' iteratable-expression
class-type 'scan' iteratable-expression
select-statement:
'select' expression { when-statements }
separator-binary-digits:
binary-digit
'_'
binary-digit separator-binary-digits
'_' separator-binary-digits
separator-digits:
digit
'_'
digit separator-digits
'_' separator-digits
separator-hexadecimal-digits:
hexadecimal-digit
'_'
hexadecimal-digit separator-hexadecimal-digits
'_' separator-hexadecimal-digits
separator-octal-digits:
octal-digit
'_'
octal-digit separator-octal-digits
'_' separator-octal-digits
serial-statement:
'serial' expression[OPT] 'do' statement
'serial' expression[OPT] block-statement
sign: one of
+ -
simple-escape-character: one of
\' \" \? \\ \a \b \f \n \r \t \v
simple-record-declaration-statement:
'record' identifier { record-statement-list }
simple-subdomain-type:
'subdomain' ( domain-expression )
single-quote-delimited-characters:
string-character single-quote-delimited-characters[OPT]
" single-quote-delimited-characters[OPT]
sliced-range-expression:
range-expression ( range-expression )
range-expression [ range-expression ]
slicing-index-set:
domain-expression
range-expression-list
sparse-subdomain-type:
'sparse' 'subdomain'[OPT] ( domain-expression )
statement:
block-statement
expression-statement
assignment-statement
swap-statement
conditional-statement
select-statement
while-do-statement
do-while-statement
for-statement
label-statement
break-statement
continue-statement
param-for-statement
require-statement
use-statement
import-statement
defer-statement
empty-statement
return-statement
yield-statement
module-declaration-statement
procedure-declaration-statement
external-procedure-declaration-statement
exported-procedure-declaration-statement
iterator-declaration-statement
method-declaration-statement
type-declaration-statement
variable-declaration-statement
remote-variable-declaration-statement
on-statement
cobegin-statement
coforall-statement
begin-statement
sync-statement
serial-statement
forall-statement
delete-statement
manage-statement
statements:
statement
statement statements
step-expression:
expression
strided-range-expression:
range-expression 'by' step-expression
string-character:
any character except the double quote, single quote, or new line
simple-escape-character
hexadecimal-escape-character
string-literal:
interpreted-string-literal
uninterpreted-string-literal
string-or-identifier:
string-literal
identifier
string-or-identifier-list:
string-or-identifier
string-or-identifier ',' string-or-identifier-list
structured-type:
class-type
record-type
union-type
tuple-type
swap-operator:
<=>
swap-statement:
lvalue-expression swap-operator lvalue-expression
sync-statement:
'sync' statement
'sync' block-statement
sync-type:
'sync' type-expression
synchronization-type:
sync-type
atomic-type
task-intent-clause:
'with' ( task-intent-list )
task-intent-item:
formal-intent identifier
reduce-scan-operator 'reduce' identifier
class-type 'reduce' identifier
task-private-var-decl
task-intent-list:
task-intent-item
task-intent-item, task-intent-list
task-private-var-decl:
task-private-var-kind identifier type-part[OPT] initialization-part[OPT]
task-private-var-kind:
'const'
'var'
'ref'
this-intent:
'param'
'type'
'ref'
'const ref'
'const'
tuple-component:
expression
'_'
tuple-component-list:
tuple-component
tuple-component , tuple-component-list
tuple-expand-expression:
( ... expression )
tuple-expression:
( tuple-component , )
( tuple-component , tuple-component-list )
( tuple-component , tuple-component-list , )
tuple-grouped-identifier-list:
( identifier-list )
tuple-type:
( type-expression , type-list )
( type-expression , )
type-alias-declaration:
identifier = type-expression
identifier
type-alias-declaration-list:
type-alias-declaration
type-alias-declaration , type-alias-declaration-list
type-alias-declaration-statement:
privacy-specifier[OPT] 'config'[OPT] 'type' type-alias-declaration-list ;
external-type-alias-declaration-statement
type-binding:
identifier .
'(' expression ')' .
type-declaration-statement:
enum-declaration-statement
class-declaration-statement
record-declaration-statement
union-declaration-statement
type-alias-declaration-statement
type-expression:
primitive-type
enum-type
structured-type
dataparallel-type
synchronization-type
lvalue-expression
if-expression
unary-expression
binary-expression
expression
type-list:
type-expression
type-expression , type-list
type-part:
: type-expression
type-query-expression:
expression . 'type'
unary-expression:
unary-operator expression
unary-operator: one of
+ - ~ !
uninterpreted-bytes-literal:
b""" uninterpreted-double-quote-delimited-characters """
b''' uninterpreted-single-quote-delimited-characters '''
uninterpreted-double-quote-delimited-characters:
uninterpreted-double-quote-string-character uninterpreted-double-quote-delimited-characters[OPT]
uninterpreted-double-quote-string-character:
any character except three double quotes in a row
uninterpreted-single-quote-delimited-characters:
uninterpreted-single-quote-string-character uninterpreted-single-quote-delimited-characters[OPT]
uninterpreted-single-quote-string-character:
any character except three single quotes in a row
uninterpreted-string-literal:
""" uninterpreted-double-quote-delimited-characters """
''' uninterpreted-single-quote-delimited-characters '''
union-declaration-statement:
'extern'[OPT] 'union' identifier { union-statement-list }
union-statement:
type-declaration-statement
procedure-declaration-statement
iterator-declaration-statement
variable-declaration-statement
empty-statement
union-statement-list:
union-statement
union-statement union-statement-list
union-type:
identifier
unqualified-list:
. { rename-list }
use-statement:
privacy-specifier[OPT] 'use' module-or-enum-name-list ;
value-expr:
expression
variable-argument-expression:
... expression
...
variable-declaration:
identifier-list type-part[OPT] initialization-part[OPT]
variable-declaration-list:
variable-declaration
variable-declaration , variable-declaration-list
variable-declaration-statement:
privacy-specifier[OPT] config-extern-or-export[OPT] variable-kind variable-declaration-list ;
variable-expression:
identifier
variable-kind:
'param'
'const'
'var'
'ref'
'const ref'
when-statement:
'when' expression-list 'do' statement
'when' expression-list block-statement
'otherwise' statement
'otherwise' 'do' statement
when-statements:
when-statement
when-statement when-statements
where-clause:
'where' expression
while-do-statement:
'while' expression 'do' statement
'while' expression block-statement
'while' ctrl-decl 'do' statement
'while' ctrl-decl block-statement
yield-intent:
'const'
'const ref'
'out'
'ref'
'param'
'type'
yield-statement:
'yield' expression ;
yield-type:
: type-expression
Productions Listed in Application Order¶
module-declaration-statement:
privacy-specifier[OPT] prototype-specifier[OPT] 'module' module-identifier block-statement
privacy-specifier:
'private'
'public'
prototype-specifier:
'prototype'
module-identifier:
identifier
block-statement:
{ statements[OPT] }
identifier:
letter-or-underscore legal-identifier-chars[OPT]
statements:
statement
statement statements
letter-or-underscore:
letter
'_'
legal-identifier-chars:
legal-identifier-char legal-identifier-chars[OPT]
statement:
block-statement
expression-statement
assignment-statement
swap-statement
conditional-statement
select-statement
while-do-statement
do-while-statement
for-statement
label-statement
break-statement
continue-statement
param-for-statement
require-statement
use-statement
import-statement
defer-statement
empty-statement
return-statement
yield-statement
module-declaration-statement
procedure-declaration-statement
external-procedure-declaration-statement
exported-procedure-declaration-statement
iterator-declaration-statement
method-declaration-statement
type-declaration-statement
variable-declaration-statement
remote-variable-declaration-statement
on-statement
cobegin-statement
coforall-statement
begin-statement
sync-statement
serial-statement
forall-statement
delete-statement
manage-statement
letter: one of
'A' 'B' 'C' 'D' 'E' 'F' 'G' 'H' 'I' 'J' 'K' 'L' 'M' 'N' 'O' 'P' 'Q' 'R' 'S' 'T' 'U' 'V' 'W' 'X' 'Y' 'Z'
'a' 'b' 'c' 'd' 'e' 'f' 'g' 'h' 'i' 'j' 'k' 'l' 'm' 'n' 'o' 'p' 'q' 'r' 's' 't' 'u' 'v' 'w' 'x' 'y' 'z'
legal-identifier-char:
letter-or-underscore
digit
'$'
expression-statement:
variable-expression ;
member-access-expression ;
call-expression ;
new-expression ;
let-expression ;
assignment-statement:
lvalue-expression assignment-operator expression
swap-statement:
lvalue-expression swap-operator lvalue-expression
conditional-statement:
'if' expression 'then' statement else-part[OPT]
'if' expression block-statement else-part[OPT]
'if' ctrl-decl 'then' statement else-part[OPT]
'if' ctrl-decl block-statement else-part[OPT]
select-statement:
'select' expression { when-statements }
while-do-statement:
'while' expression 'do' statement
'while' expression block-statement
'while' ctrl-decl 'do' statement
'while' ctrl-decl block-statement
do-while-statement:
'do' statement 'while' expression ;
for-statement:
'for' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression 'do' statement
'for' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression block-statement
'for' iteratable-expression 'do' statement
'for' iteratable-expression block-statement
label-statement:
'label' identifier statement
break-statement:
'break' identifier[OPT] ;
continue-statement:
'continue' identifier[OPT] ;
param-for-statement:
'for' 'param' identifier 'in' param-iteratable-expression 'do' statement
'for' 'param' identifier 'in' param-iteratable-expression block-statement
require-statement:
'require' string-or-identifier-list ;
use-statement:
privacy-specifier[OPT] 'use' module-or-enum-name-list ;
import-statement:
privacy-specifier[OPT] 'import' import-expression-list ;
defer-statement:
'defer' statement
empty-statement:
;
return-statement:
'return' expression[OPT] ;
yield-statement:
'yield' expression ;
procedure-declaration-statement:
privacy-specifier[OPT] procedure-kind[OPT] 'proc' identifier argument-list[OPT] return-intent[OPT] return-type[OPT] where-clause[OPT] function-body
privacy-specifier[OPT] procedure-kind[OPT] 'operator' operator-name argument-list return-intent[OPT] return-type[OPT] where-clause[OPT] function-body
external-procedure-declaration-statement:
'extern' external-name[OPT] 'proc' identifier argument-list return-intent[OPT] return-type[OPT]
exported-procedure-declaration-statement:
'export' external-name[OPT] 'proc' identifier argument-list return-intent[OPT] return-type[OPT]
function-body
iterator-declaration-statement:
privacy-specifier[OPT] 'iter' iterator-name argument-list[OPT] yield-intent[OPT] yield-type[OPT] where-clause[OPT]
function-body
method-declaration-statement:
procedure-kind[OPT] proc-or-iter this-intent[OPT] type-binding[OPT] identifier argument-list[OPT]
return-intent[OPT] return-type[OPT] where-clause[OPT] function-body
type-declaration-statement:
enum-declaration-statement
class-declaration-statement
record-declaration-statement
union-declaration-statement
type-alias-declaration-statement
variable-declaration-statement:
privacy-specifier[OPT] config-extern-or-export[OPT] variable-kind variable-declaration-list ;
remote-variable-declaration-statement:
'on' expression variable-declaration-statement
on-statement:
'on' expression 'do' statement
'on' expression block-statement
cobegin-statement:
'cobegin' task-intent-clause[OPT] block-statement
coforall-statement:
'coforall' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] 'do' statement
'coforall' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] block-statement
'coforall' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] 'do' statement
'coforall' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] block-statement
begin-statement:
'begin' task-intent-clause[OPT] statement
sync-statement:
'sync' statement
'sync' block-statement
serial-statement:
'serial' expression[OPT] 'do' statement
'serial' expression[OPT] block-statement
forall-statement:
'forall' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] 'do' statement
'forall' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] block-statement
'forall' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] 'do' statement
'forall' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] block-statement
[ index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] ] statement
[ iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] ] statement
delete-statement:
'delete' expression-list ;
manage-statement:
'manage' manager-expression-list 'do' statement
'manage' manager-expression-list block-statement
digit: one of
'0' '1' '2' '3' '4' '5' '6' '7' '8' '9'
variable-expression:
identifier
member-access-expression:
field-access-expression
method-call-expression
call-expression:
lvalue-expression ( named-expression-list )
lvalue-expression [ named-expression-list ]
parenthesesless-function-identifier
new-expression:
'new' type-expression ( argument-list )
let-expression:
'let' variable-declaration-list 'in' expression
lvalue-expression:
variable-expression
member-access-expression
call-expression
parenthesized-expression
assignment-operator: one of
= += -= *= /= %= **= &= |= ^= &&= ||= <<= >>=
expression:
literal-expression
variable-expression
enum-constant-expression
call-expression
type-expression
iteratable-call-expression
member-access-expression
new-expression
query-expression
cast-expression
lvalue-expression
parenthesized-expression
unary-expression
binary-expression
let-expression
if-expression
for-expression
forall-expression
reduce-expression
scan-expression
module-access-expression
tuple-expression
tuple-expand-expression
locale-query-expression
type-query-expression
mapped-domain-expression
swap-operator:
<=>
else-part:
'else' statement
ctrl-decl:
'var' identifier '=' expression
'const' identifier '=' expression
when-statements:
when-statement
when-statement when-statements
index-var-declaration:
identifier
tuple-grouped-identifier-list
iteratable-expression:
expression
'zip' ( expression-list )
param-iteratable-expression:
range-literal
range-literal 'by' integer-literal
string-or-identifier-list:
string-or-identifier
string-or-identifier ',' string-or-identifier-list
module-or-enum-name-list:
module-or-enum-name limitation-clause[OPT]
module-or-enum-name , module-or-enum-name-list
import-expression-list:
import-expression
import-expression , import-expression-list
procedure-kind:
'inline'
'export'
'extern'
'override'
argument-list:
( formals[OPT] )
return-intent:
'const'
'const ref'
'out'
'ref'
'param'
'type'
return-type:
: type-expression
where-clause:
'where' expression
function-body:
'do' statement
block-statement
operator-name: one of
'align' 'by'
+ - * / % ** : ! == != <= >= < > << >> & | ^ ~
= += -= *= /= %= **= &= |= ^= <<= >>= <=> #
external-name:
expression
iterator-name:
identifier
yield-intent:
'const'
'const ref'
'out'
'ref'
'param'
'type'
yield-type:
: type-expression
proc-or-iter:
'proc'
'iter'
this-intent:
'param'
'type'
'ref'
'const ref'
'const'
type-binding:
identifier .
'(' expression ')' .
enum-declaration-statement:
'enum' identifier { enum-constant-list }
class-declaration-statement:
'class' identifier class-inherit[OPT] { class-statement-list[OPT] }
record-declaration-statement:
simple-record-declaration-statement
external-record-declaration-statement
union-declaration-statement:
'extern'[OPT] 'union' identifier { union-statement-list }
type-alias-declaration-statement:
privacy-specifier[OPT] 'config'[OPT] 'type' type-alias-declaration-list ;
external-type-alias-declaration-statement
config-extern-or-export: one of
'config' 'extern' 'export'
variable-kind:
'param'
'const'
'var'
'ref'
'const ref'
variable-declaration-list:
variable-declaration
variable-declaration , variable-declaration-list
task-intent-clause:
'with' ( task-intent-list )
expression-list:
expression
expression , expression-list
manager-expression-list:
manager-expression
manager-expression-list ',' manager-expression
field-access-expression:
receiver-clause[OPT] identifier
method-call-expression:
receiver-clause[OPT] expression ( named-expression-list )
receiver-clause[OPT] expression [ named-expression-list ]
receiver-clause[OPT] parenthesesless-function-identifier
named-expression-list:
named-expression
named-expression , named-expression-list
parenthesesless-function-identifier:
identifier
type-expression:
primitive-type
enum-type
structured-type
dataparallel-type
synchronization-type
lvalue-expression
if-expression
unary-expression
binary-expression
expression
parenthesized-expression:
( expression )
literal-expression:
bool-literal
integer-literal
real-literal
imaginary-literal
string-literal
bytes-literal
range-literal
domain-literal
array-literal
enum-constant-expression:
enum-type . identifier
iteratable-call-expression:
call-expression
query-expression:
? identifier[OPT]
cast-expression:
expression : type-expression
unary-expression:
unary-operator expression
binary-expression:
expression binary-operator expression
if-expression:
'if' expression 'then' expression 'else' expression
'if' expression 'then' expression
for-expression:
'for' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression 'do' expression
'for' iteratable-expression 'do' expression
forall-expression:
'forall' index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] 'do' expression
'forall' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] 'do' expression
[ index-var-declaration 'in' iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] ] expression
[ iteratable-expression task-intent-clause[OPT] ] expression
reduce-expression:
reduce-scan-operator 'reduce' iteratable-expression
class-type 'reduce' iteratable-expression
scan-expression:
reduce-scan-operator 'scan' iteratable-expression
class-type 'scan' iteratable-expression
module-access-expression:
module-identifier-list . identifier
tuple-expression:
( tuple-component , )
( tuple-component , tuple-component-list )
( tuple-component , tuple-component-list , )
tuple-expand-expression:
( ... expression )
locale-query-expression:
expression . 'locale'
type-query-expression:
expression . 'type'
mapped-domain-expression:
domain-expression 'dmapped' distribution-record
when-statement:
'when' expression-list 'do' statement
'when' expression-list block-statement
'otherwise' statement
'otherwise' 'do' statement
tuple-grouped-identifier-list:
( identifier-list )
range-literal:
expression .. expression
expression ..< expression
expression ..
.. expression
..< expression
..
integer-literal:
digits
'0x' hexadecimal-digits
'0X' hexadecimal-digits
'0o' octal-digits
'0O' octal-digits
'0b' binary-digits
'0B' binary-digits
string-or-identifier:
string-literal
identifier
module-or-enum-name:
rename-base
identifier . module-or-enum-name
limitation-clause:
'except' exclude-list
'only' rename-list[OPT]
import-expression:
module-or-symbol-rename
module-or-symbol-base unqualified-list
formals:
formal
formal , formals
enum-constant-list:
enum-constant
enum-constant , enum-constant-list[OPT]
class-inherit:
: basic-class-type
class-statement-list:
class-statement
class-statement class-statement-list
simple-record-declaration-statement:
'record' identifier { record-statement-list }
external-record-declaration-statement:
'extern' external-name[OPT] simple-record-declaration-statement
union-statement-list:
union-statement
union-statement union-statement-list
type-alias-declaration-list:
type-alias-declaration
type-alias-declaration , type-alias-declaration-list
external-type-alias-declaration-statement:
'extern' external-name[OPT] 'type' type-alias-declaration-list ;
variable-declaration:
identifier-list type-part[OPT] initialization-part[OPT]
task-intent-list:
task-intent-item
task-intent-item, task-intent-list
manager-expression:
expression 'as' variable-kind identifier
expression 'as' identifier
expression
receiver-clause:
expression .
named-expression:
expression
identifier = expression
primitive-type:
'void'
'nothing'
'bool'
'int' primitive-type-parameter-part[OPT]
'uint' primitive-type-parameter-part[OPT]
'real' primitive-type-parameter-part[OPT]
'imag' primitive-type-parameter-part[OPT]
'complex' primitive-type-parameter-part[OPT]
'string'
'bytes'
'enum'
'record'
'class'
'owned'
'shared'
'unmanaged'
'borrowed'
enum-type:
identifier
structured-type:
class-type
record-type
union-type
tuple-type
dataparallel-type:
range-type
domain-type
mapped-domain-type
array-type
index-type
synchronization-type:
sync-type
atomic-type
bool-literal: one of
'true' 'false'
real-literal:
digits[OPT] . digits exponent-part[OPT]
digits .[OPT] exponent-part
'0x' hexadecimal-digits[OPT] . hexadecimal-digits p-exponent-part[OPT]
'0X' hexadecimal-digits[OPT] . hexadecimal-digits p-exponent-part[OPT]
'0x' hexadecimal-digits .[OPT] p-exponent-part
'0X' hexadecimal-digits .[OPT] p-exponent-part
imaginary-literal:
real-literal 'i'
integer-literal 'i'
string-literal:
interpreted-string-literal
uninterpreted-string-literal
bytes-literal:
interpreted-bytes-literal
uninterpreted-bytes-literal
domain-literal:
rectangular-domain-literal
associative-domain-literal
array-literal:
rectangular-array-literal
associative-array-literal
unary-operator: one of
+ - ~ !
binary-operator: one of
+ - * / % ** & | ^ << >> && || == != <= >= < > 'by' #
reduce-scan-operator: one of
+ * && || & | ^ 'min' 'max' 'minmax' 'minloc' 'maxloc'
class-type:
basic-class-type
'owned' basic-class-type
'shared' basic-class-type
'borrowed' basic-class-type
'unmanaged' basic-class-type
module-identifier-list:
module-identifier
module-identifier . module-identifier-list
tuple-component:
expression
'_'
tuple-component-list:
tuple-component
tuple-component , tuple-component-list
domain-expression:
domain-literal
domain-name
domain-assignment-expression
domain-striding-expression
domain-alignment-expression
domain-slice-expression
distribution-record:
expression
identifier-list:
identifier
identifier , identifier-list
tuple-grouped-identifier-list
tuple-grouped-identifier-list , identifier-list
digits:
digit
digit separator-digits
hexadecimal-digits:
hexadecimal-digit
hexadecimal-digit separator-hexadecimal-digits
octal-digits:
octal-digit
octal-digit separator-octal-digits
binary-digits:
binary-digit
binary-digit separator-binary-digits
rename-base:
identifier 'as' identifier
identifier 'as' _
identifier
operator-name
exclude-list:
operator-name
identifier
operator-name , exclude-list
identifier , exclude-list
rename-list:
rename-base
rename-base , rename-list
module-or-symbol-rename:
rename-base
identifier . module-or-symbol-rename
module-or-symbol-base:
identifier
identifier . module-or-symbol-base
unqualified-list:
. { rename-list }
formal:
formal-intent[OPT] identifier formal-type[OPT] default-expression[OPT]
formal-intent[OPT] identifier formal-type[OPT] variable-argument-expression
formal-intent[OPT] tuple-grouped-identifier-list formal-type[OPT] default-expression[OPT]
formal-intent[OPT] tuple-grouped-identifier-list formal-type[OPT] variable-argument-expression
enum-constant:
identifier init-part[OPT]
basic-class-type:
identifier
identifier ( named-expression-list )
class-statement:
variable-declaration-statement
method-declaration-statement
type-declaration-statement
empty-statement
record-statement-list:
record-statement
record-statement record-statement-list
union-statement:
type-declaration-statement
procedure-declaration-statement
iterator-declaration-statement
variable-declaration-statement
empty-statement
type-alias-declaration:
identifier = type-expression
identifier
type-part:
: type-expression
initialization-part:
= expression
task-intent-item:
formal-intent identifier
reduce-scan-operator 'reduce' identifier
class-type 'reduce' identifier
task-private-var-decl
primitive-type-parameter-part:
( integer-parameter-expression )
record-type:
identifier
identifier ( named-expression-list )
union-type:
identifier
tuple-type:
( type-expression , type-list )
( type-expression , )
range-type:
'range' ( named-expression-list )
domain-type:
base-domain-type
simple-subdomain-type
sparse-subdomain-type
mapped-domain-type:
domain-type 'dmapped' distribution-record
array-type:
[ domain-expression[OPT] ] type-expression[OPT]
index-type:
'index' ( domain-expression )
sync-type:
'sync' type-expression
atomic-type:
'atomic' type-expression
exponent-part:
'e' sign[OPT] digits
'E' sign[OPT] digits
p-exponent-part:
'p' sign[OPT] digits
'P' sign[OPT] digits
interpreted-string-literal:
" double-quote-delimited-characters[OPT] "
' single-quote-delimited-characters[OPT] '
uninterpreted-string-literal:
""" uninterpreted-double-quote-delimited-characters """
''' uninterpreted-single-quote-delimited-characters '''
interpreted-bytes-literal:
b" double-quote-delimited-characters[OPT] "
b' single-quote-delimited-characters[OPT] '
uninterpreted-bytes-literal:
b""" uninterpreted-double-quote-delimited-characters """
b''' uninterpreted-single-quote-delimited-characters '''
rectangular-domain-literal:
{ range-expression-list }
associative-domain-literal:
{ associative-expression-list }
rectangular-array-literal:
[ expression-list ]
[ expression-list , ]
associative-array-literal:
[ associative-expr-list ]
[ associative-expr-list , ]
domain-name:
identifier
domain-assignment-expression:
domain-name = domain-expression
domain-striding-expression:
domain-expression 'by' expression
domain-alignment-expression:
domain-expression 'align' expression
domain-slice-expression:
domain-expression [ slicing-index-set ]
domain-expression ( slicing-index-set )
separator-digits:
digit
'_'
digit separator-digits
'_' separator-digits
hexadecimal-digit: one of
'0' '1' '2' '3' '4' '5' '6' '7' '8' '9' 'A' 'B' 'C' 'D' 'E' 'F' 'a' 'b' 'c' 'd' 'e' 'f'
separator-hexadecimal-digits:
hexadecimal-digit
'_'
hexadecimal-digit separator-hexadecimal-digits
'_' separator-hexadecimal-digits
octal-digit: one of
'0' '1' '2' '3' '4' '5' '6' '7'
separator-octal-digits:
octal-digit
'_'
octal-digit separator-octal-digits
'_' separator-octal-digits
binary-digit: one of
'0' '1'
separator-binary-digits:
binary-digit
'_'
binary-digit separator-binary-digits
'_' separator-binary-digits
formal-intent:
'const'
'const in'
'const ref'
'in'
'out'
'inout'
'ref'
'param'
'type'
formal-type:
: type-expression
default-expression:
= expression
variable-argument-expression:
... expression
...
init-part:
= expression
record-statement:
variable-declaration-statement
method-declaration-statement
type-declaration-statement
empty-statement
task-private-var-decl:
task-private-var-kind identifier type-part[OPT] initialization-part[OPT]
integer-parameter-expression:
expression
type-list:
type-expression
type-expression , type-list
base-domain-type:
rectangular-domain-type
associative-domain-type
simple-subdomain-type:
'subdomain' ( domain-expression )
sparse-subdomain-type:
'sparse' 'subdomain'[OPT] ( domain-expression )
sign: one of
+ -
double-quote-delimited-characters:
string-character double-quote-delimited-characters[OPT]
' double-quote-delimited-characters[OPT]
single-quote-delimited-characters:
string-character single-quote-delimited-characters[OPT]
" single-quote-delimited-characters[OPT]
uninterpreted-double-quote-delimited-characters:
uninterpreted-double-quote-string-character uninterpreted-double-quote-delimited-characters[OPT]
uninterpreted-single-quote-delimited-characters:
uninterpreted-single-quote-string-character uninterpreted-single-quote-delimited-characters[OPT]
range-expression-list:
range-expression
range-expression, range-expression-list
associative-expression-list:
non-range-expression
non-range-expression, associative-expression-list
associative-expr-list:
index-expr => value-expr
index-expr => value-expr, associative-expr-list
slicing-index-set:
domain-expression
range-expression-list
task-private-var-kind:
'const'
'var'
'ref'
rectangular-domain-type:
'domain' ( named-expression-list )
associative-domain-type:
'domain' ( associative-index-type )
string-character:
any character except the double quote, single quote, or new line
simple-escape-character
hexadecimal-escape-character
uninterpreted-double-quote-string-character:
any character except three double quotes in a row
uninterpreted-single-quote-string-character:
any character except three single quotes in a row
range-expression:
expression
strided-range-expression
counted-range-expression
aligned-range-expression
sliced-range-expression
non-range-expression:
expression
index-expr:
expression
value-expr:
expression
associative-index-type:
type-expression
simple-escape-character: one of
\' \" \? \\ \a \b \f \n \r \t \v
hexadecimal-escape-character:
'\x' hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digit[OPT]
strided-range-expression:
range-expression 'by' step-expression
counted-range-expression:
range-expression # expression
aligned-range-expression:
range-expression 'align' expression
sliced-range-expression:
range-expression ( range-expression )
range-expression [ range-expression ]
step-expression:
expression