Time¶

Usage

use Time;

or

import Time;

Support for routines related to measuring the passing of time.

This module provides support for querying local wall time or UTC time, and structures for manipulating dates and times. Note that timezone-naive local and UTC time querying methods will produce different results if the local time is not UTC, including potentially different calendar dates.

It also implements a record stopwatch that can measure the execution time of sections of a program. The stopwatch has the potential for microsecond resolution and is intended to be useful for performance testing.

enum TimeUnits { microseconds, milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours }¶

Specifies the units to be used when certain functions return a time

Warning

The ‘TimeUnits’ type is deprecated. Please specify times in seconds in this module.

enum constant microseconds¶

enum constant milliseconds¶

enum constant seconds¶

enum constant minutes¶

enum constant hours¶

config param cIsoDayOfWeek = false¶

Controls whether dayOfWeek starts with Monday = 0 or Monday = 1.

If true, dayOfWeek represents Monday as day 1.

If false, dayOfWeek represents Monday as day 0. This behavior is deprecated and will be removed in an upcoming release.

The deprecated behavior is on by default. To opt-in to the new behavior, recompile your program with -scIsoDayOfWeek=true.

enum dayOfWeek { Monday = firstDayOfWeekNum, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday }¶

Days in the week, starting with Monday. Monday is represented as 0 when cIsoDayOfWeek is false (deprecated), or 1 otherwise (future default).

Warning

In an upcoming release ‘dayOfWeek’ will represent Monday as 1 instead of 0 by default. During the deprecation period this behavior can be controlled with cIsoDayOfWeek.

enum constant Monday = firstDayOfWeekNum¶

enum constant Tuesday¶

enum constant Wednesday¶

enum constant Thursday¶

enum constant Friday¶

enum constant Saturday¶

enum constant Sunday¶

enum Day { sunday = 0, monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday }¶

Warning

enum ‘Day’ is deprecated. Please use day instead

enum constant sunday = 0¶

enum constant monday¶

enum constant tuesday¶

enum constant wednesday¶

enum constant thursday¶

enum constant friday¶

enum constant saturday¶

enum day { sunday = 0, monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday }¶

Specifies the day of the week

Warning

enum ‘day’ is deprecated. Please use dayOfWeek instead

enum constant sunday = 0¶

enum constant monday¶

enum constant tuesday¶

enum constant wednesday¶

enum constant thursday¶

enum constant friday¶

enum constant saturday¶

enum isoDayOfWeek { Monday = 1, Tuesday = 2, Wednesday = 3, Thursday = 4, Friday = 5, Saturday = 6, Sunday = 7 }¶

Days in the week, starting with Monday = 1

Warning

enum ‘isoDayOfWeek’ is deprecated. Please use dayOfWeek instead

enum constant Monday = 1¶

enum constant Tuesday = 2¶

enum constant Wednesday = 3¶

enum constant Thursday = 4¶

enum constant Friday = 5¶

enum constant Saturday = 6¶

enum constant Sunday = 7¶

param MINYEAR = 1¶: The minimum year allowed in date objects

Warning

‘MINYEAR’ is deprecated; use date.min.year instead

param MAXYEAR = 9999¶: The maximum year allowed in date objects

Warning

‘MAXYEAR’ is deprecated; use date.max.year instead

const unixEpoch = new dateTime(1970, 1, 1)¶: The Unix Epoch date and time

proc timeSinceEpoch(): timeDelta¶: Get the time since Unix Epoch in seconds

proc isLeapYear(year: int): bool¶: Return true if year is a leap year

proc daysInMonth(year: int, month: int): int throws¶

Return the number of days in month month during the year year. The number for a month can change from year to year due to leap years.

Throws: IllegalArgumentError – Thrown if month is out of range.

record date: serializable¶

A record representing a date

proc year: int¶: The year represented by this date value

proc month: int¶: The month represented by this date value

proc day: int¶: The day represented by this date value

proc type min: date¶: The minimum representable date

proc type max: date¶: The maximum representable date

proc type resolution: timeDelta¶: The minimum non-zero difference between two dates

proc date.init(year: int, month: int, day: int)¶

Initialize a new date value from a year, month, and day. All three arguments are required and must be in valid ranges. The valid ranges are:

1 <= year <= 9999

1 <= month <= 12

1 <= day <= the number of days in the given month and year

proc type date.today(): date¶: A date object representing the current day, using naive local time

proc type date.utcToday(): date¶: A date object representing the current day, using naive UTC time

proc type date.fromTimestamp(timestamp): date¶: Warning

‘date.fromTimestamp’ is deprecated, please use ‘dateTime.createUtcFromTimestamp().getDate()’ instead

proc type date.createFromTimestamp(timestamp: real): date¶: The date that is timestamp seconds from the epoch

Warning

‘date.createFromTimestamp’ is deprecated, please use ‘dateTime.createUtcFromTimestamp().getDate()’ instead

proc type date.fromOrdinal(ord): date¶: Warning

‘date.fromOrdinal’ is deprecated, please use ‘date.createFromOrdinal’ instead

proc type date.createFromOrdinal(ordinal: int): date¶: The date that is ordinal days from 1-1-0001

proc date.replace(year = -1, month = -1, day = -1): date¶: Get a new date based on this one, optionally with the year, month and/or day replaced.

proc date.timetuple(): tm¶: Return a filled record matching the C struct tm type for the given date

Warning

‘date.timetuple’ is unstable

proc date.toOrdinal(): int¶: Return the number of days since 1-1-0001 this date represents

proc date.weekday(): dayOfWeek where cIsoDayOfWeek¶: Return the day of the week.

proc date.weekday(): dayOfWeek where !cIsoDayOfWeek: Warning

The version of ‘date.weekday’ returning a dayOfWeek starting with Monday = 0 is deprecated. Recompile with -sCIsoDayOfWeek=true to opt in to the new behavior of Monday = 1

proc date.isoWeekday(): isoDayOfWeek¶: Return the day of the week as an isoDayOfWeek. Monday == 1, Sunday == 7

Warning

‘date.isoWeekday’ is deprecated; use date.weekday instead

proc date.isoWeekDate(): (int, int, int)¶: Return the ISO week date as a tuple containing the ISO week-numbering year, ISO week number, and ISO weekday number.

proc date.isoCalendar(): (int, int, int)¶: Return the ISO week date as a tuple containing the ISO week-numbering year, ISO week number, and ISO weekday number.

Warning

date.isoCalendar is deprecated; use date.isoWeekDate instead

operator date.:(x: date, type t: string)¶: Get a string representation of this date in ISO format YYYY-MM-DD.

proc date.isoFormat(): string¶: Return the date as a string in ISO 8601 format: “YYYY-MM-DD”

Warning

date.isoFormat is deprecated; use cast to string instead

proc date.ctime(): string¶: Return a string representing the date

Warning

‘date.ctime’ is unstable

proc date.strftime(fmt: string): string¶: Return a formatted string matching the format argument and the date

Warning

‘date.strftime’ is unstable

proc date.serialize(writer, ref serializer) throws¶: Writes this date formatted as YYYY-MM-DD

proc ref date.deserialize(reader, ref deserializer) throws¶: Reads this date with the same format used by date.serialize

record time: serializable¶

A record representing a time

proc hour: int¶: The hour represented by this time value

proc minute: int¶: The minute represented by this time value

proc second: int¶: The second represented by this time value

proc microsecond: int¶: The microsecond represented by this time value

proc timezone: shared Timezone?¶: The timezone represented by this time value

Warning

timezone is unstable

proc type min: time¶: The minimum representable time

proc type max: time¶: The maximum representable time

proc type resolution: timeDelta¶: The minimum non-zero difference between two times

proc time.init(hour: int = 0, minute: int = 0, second: int = 0, microsecond: int = 0, in tz: shared Timezone?)¶: Initialize a new time value from the given hour, minute, second, microsecond, and timezone. All arguments are optional

Warning

tz is unstable; its type may change in the future

proc time.init(hour: int = 0, minute: int = 0, second: int = 0, microsecond: int = 0): Initialize a new time value from the given hour, minute, second, microsecond. All arguments are optional

proc time.replace(hour = -1, minute = -1, second = -1, microsecond = -1): time¶: Get a new time based on this one, optionally with the hour minute, second, and/or microsecond replaced.

proc time.replace(hour = -1, minute = -1, second = -1, microsecond = -1, in tz): time: Get a new time based on this one, optionally with the hour minute, second, microsecond and/or tz replaced.

Warning

tz is unstable; its type may change in the future

operator time.:(x: time, type t: string)¶: Get a string representation of this time in ISO format hh:mm:ss.ssssss, followed by ±hh:mm if a timezone is specified.

proc time.isoFormat(): string¶: Warning

time.isoFormat is deprecated; use cast to string instead

proc time.utcOffset(): timeDelta¶: Return the offset from UTC

Warning

‘utcOffset’ is unstable

proc time.dst(): timeDelta¶: Return the daylight saving time offset

Warning

‘dst’ is unstable

proc time.tzname(): string¶: Return the name of the timezone for this time value

Warning

‘tzname’ is unstable

proc time.strftime(fmt: string): string¶: Return a string matching the format argument for this time

Warning

‘time.strftime’ is unstable

proc time.serialize(writer, ref serializer) throws¶: Writes this time formatted as hh:mm:ss.ssssss, followed by ±hh:mm if a timezone is specified

proc ref time.deserialize(reader, ref deserializer) throws¶: Reads this time with the same format used by time.serialize

type datetime = dateTime¶: Warning

‘datetime’ is deprecated, please use dateTime instead

record dateTime: serializable¶

A record representing a combined date and time

proc type min: dateTime¶: The minimum representable date and time

proc type max: dateTime¶: The maximum representable date and time

proc type resolution: timeDelta¶: The minimum non-zero difference between two dateTimes

proc year: int¶: The year represented by this dateTime value

proc month: int¶: The month represented by this dateTime value

proc day: int¶: The day represented by this dateTime value

proc hour: int¶: The hour represented by this dateTime value

proc minute: int¶: The minute represented by this dateTime value

proc second: int¶: The second represented by this dateTime value

proc microsecond: int¶: The microsecond represented by this dateTime value

proc timezone: shared Timezone?¶: The timezone represented by this dateTime value

Warning

timezone is unstable

proc dateTime.init(year: int, month: int, day: int, hour: int = 0, minute: int = 0, second: int = 0, microsecond: int = 0, in tz)¶: Initialize a new dateTime value from the given year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond and timezone. The year, month, and day arguments are required, the rest are optional.

Warning

tz is unstable; its type may change in the future

proc dateTime.init(year: int, month: int, day: int, hour: int = 0, minute: int = 0, second: int = 0, microsecond: int = 0): Initialize a new dateTime value from the given year, month, day, hour, minute, second, and microsecond. The year, month, and day arguments are required, the rest are optional.

proc dateTime.init(d: date, t: time = new time()): Initialize a new dateTime value from the given date and time

proc type dateTime.now(): dateTime¶: Return a dateTime value representing the current time and date, in naive local time.

proc type dateTime.now(in tz: shared Timezone?): dateTime: Return a dateTime value representing the current time and date

Warning

tz is unstable; its type may change in the future

proc type dateTime.utcNow(): dateTime¶: Return a dateTime value representing the current time and date in UTC

proc type dateTime.fromTimestamp(timestamp: real): dateTime¶: Warning

‘dateTime.fromTimestamp’ is deprecated, please use ‘dateTime.createFromTimestamp’ instead

proc type dateTime.fromTimestamp(timestamp: real, in tz: shared Timezone?): dateTime: Warning

‘dateTime.fromTimestamp’ is deprecated, please use ‘dateTime.createFromTimestamp’ instead

proc type dateTime.createFromTimestamp(timestamp: real): dateTime¶: The dateTime that is timestamp seconds from the epoch, in naive local time.

proc type dateTime.createFromTimestamp(timestamp: real, in tz: shared Timezone?): dateTime: The dateTime that is timestamp seconds from the epoch

Warning

tz is unstable; its type may change in the future

proc type dateTime.utcFromTimestamp(timestamp): dateTime¶: Warning

‘dateTime.utcFromTimestamp’ is deprecated, please use ‘dateTime.createUtcFromTimestamp’ instead

proc type dateTime.createUtcFromTimestamp(timestamp): dateTime¶: The dateTime that is timestamp seconds from the epoch in UTC

proc type dateTime.fromOrdinal(ordinal): dateTime¶: Warning

‘dateTime.fromOrdinal’ is deprecated, please use ‘new dateTime(date.createFromOrdinal(ordinal))’ instead

proc type dateTime.createFromOrdinal(ordinal: int): dateTime¶: The dateTime that is ordinal days from 1-1-0001

Warning

‘dateTime.createFromOrdinal’ is deprecated; use ‘new dateTime(date.createFromOrdinal(ordinal))’ instead

proc type dateTime.combine(d: date, t: time): dateTime¶: Form a dateTime value from a given date and time

Warning

dateTime.combine is deprecated; use new dateTime taking a date and time argument instead

proc dateTime.getdate(): date¶: Methods on dateTime values

Warning

‘dateTime.getdate’ is deprecated. Please use dateTime.getDate instead

proc dateTime.getDate(): date¶: Get the date portion of the dateTime value

proc dateTime.gettime(): time¶: Warning

‘dateTime.gettime’ is deprecated. Please use dateTime.getTime instead

proc dateTime.getTime(): time¶: Get the time portion of the dateTime value, with tz = nil

proc dateTime.timetz(): time¶: Get the time portion of the dateTime value including the tz field

Warning

tz is unstable; its type may change in the future

proc dateTime.replace(year = -1, month = -1, day = -1, hour = -1, minute = -1, second = -1, microsecond = -1): dateTime¶: Get a new time based on this one, optionally with the year, month, day, hour minute, second, and/or microsecond replaced.

proc dateTime.replace(year = -1, month = -1, day = -1, hour = -1, minute = -1, second = -1, microsecond = -1, in tz = this.timezone): dateTime: Get a new time based on this one, optionally with the year, month, day, hour minute, second, microsecond and/or tz replaced.

Warning

tz is unstable; its type may change in the future

proc dateTime.astimezone(in tz: shared Timezone): dateTime¶: Return the date and time converted into the timezone in the argument

Warning

tz is unstable; its type may change in the future

proc dateTime.utcOffset(): timeDelta¶: Return the offset from UTC

Warning

‘utcOffset’ is unstable

proc dateTime.dst(): timeDelta¶: Return the daylight saving time offset

Warning

‘dst’ is unstable

proc dateTime.tzname(): string¶: Return the name of the timezone for this dateTime value

Warning

‘tzname’ is unstable

proc dateTime.timetuple(): tm¶: Return a filled record matching the C struct tm type for the given dateTime

Warning

‘dateTime.timetuple’ is unstable

proc dateTime.utctimetuple(): tm¶: Return a filled record matching the C struct tm type for the given dateTime in UTC

Warning

‘dateTime.utctimetuple’ is unstable

proc dateTime.toOrdinal(): int¶: Return the number of days since 1-1-0001 this dateTime represents

Warning

dateTime.toOrdinal is deprecated; use dateTime.getDate().toOrdinal() instead

proc dateTime.weekday(): dayOfWeek where cIsoDayOfWeek¶: Return the day of the week.

Warning

dateTime.weekday is deprecated; use dateTime.getDate().weekday() instead

proc dateTime.weekday(): dayOfWeek where !cIsoDayOfWeek: Warning

The version of ‘dateTime.weekday’ returning a dayOfWeek starting with Monday = 0 is deprecated. Recompile with -sCIsoDayOfWeek=true to opt in to the new behavior of Monday = 1

proc dateTime.isoWeekday(): isoDayOfWeek¶: Return the day of the week as an isoDayOfWeek. Monday == 1, Sunday == 7

Warning

dateTime.isoWeekday is deprecated; use dateTime.getDate().weekday() instead

proc dateTime.isoCalendar(): (int, int, int)¶: Return the ISO date as a tuple containing the ISO year, ISO week number, and ISO day of the week

Warning

dateTime.isoCalendar is deprecated; use dateTime.getDate().isoWeekDate() instead

operator dateTime.:(x: dateTime, type t: string)¶: Get a string representation of this dateTime in ISO format YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.ssssss, followed by ±hh:mm if a timezone is specified

proc dateTime.isoFormat(sep = "T"): string¶: Return the dateTime as a string in ISO format

Warning

dateTime.isoFormat is deprecated; use cast to string instead

proc type dateTime.strptime(date_string: string, format: string): dateTime¶: Create a dateTime as described by the date_string and format string. Note that this routine currently only supports the format strings of C’s strptime().

Warning

‘dateTime.strptime’ is unstable

proc dateTime.strftime(fmt: string): string¶: Create a string from a dateTime matching the format string

Warning

‘dateTime.strftime’ is unstable

proc dateTime.ctime(): string¶: Return a string from a dateTime in the form: Wed Dec 4 20:30:40 2002

Warning

‘dateTime.ctime’ is unstable

proc dateTime.serialize(writer, ref serializer) throws¶: Writes this dateTime formatted as YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.ssssss, followed by ±hh:mm if a timezone is specified

proc ref dateTime.deserialize(reader, ref deserializer) throws¶: Reads this dateTime with the same format used by dateTime.serialize

type timedelta = timeDelta¶: Warning

‘timedelta’ is deprecated. Please use timeDelta instead

record timeDelta¶

A record representing an amount of time. A timeDelta has fields representing days, seconds, and microseconds. These fields are always kept within the following ranges:

0 <= microseconds < 1000000

0 <= seconds < 60*60*24

-999999999 <= days <= 999999999

It is an overflow error if days is outside the given range.

proc days: int¶: The number of days this timeDelta represents

proc seconds: int¶: The number of seconds this timeDelta represents

proc microseconds: int¶: The number of microseconds this timeDelta represents

proc type min: timeDelta¶: Return the minimum representable timeDelta object.

proc type max: timeDelta¶: Return the maximum representable timeDelta object.

proc type resolution: timeDelta¶: Return the smallest positive value representable by a timeDelta object.

proc timeDelta.init(days: int = 0, seconds: int = 0, microseconds: int = 0, milliseconds: int = 0, minutes: int = 0, hours: int = 0, weeks: int = 0)¶: Initialize a timeDelta object. All arguments are optional and default to 0. Since only days, seconds and microseconds are stored, the other arguments are converted to days, seconds and microseconds.

proc timeDelta.init(timestamp: real): Create a timeDelta from a given number of seconds

proc timeDelta.totalSeconds(): real¶: Return the total number of seconds represented by this object

proc timeDelta.abs(): timeDelta¶: Return the absolute value of this timeDelta. If is negative, then returns its negation, else returns it as-is.

proc abs(t: timeDelta): timeDelta¶: Return the absolute value of t. If t is negative, then returns -t, else returns t.

Warning

abs as a free function is deprecated; use timeDelta.abs instead

class Timezone¶

Abstract base class for time zones. This class should not be used directly, but concrete implementations of time zones should be derived from it.

Warning

Timezone functionality is unstable and may change in the future

proc utcOffset(dt: dateTime): timeDelta¶: The offset from UTC this class represents

proc dst(dt: dateTime): timeDelta¶: The timeDelta for daylight saving time

proc tzname(dt: dateTime): string¶: The name of this time zone

Warning

‘tzname’ is unstable

proc fromUtc(dt: dateTime): dateTime¶: Convert a time in UTC to this time zone

proc getCurrentTime(unit: TimeUnits = TimeUnits.seconds): real(64)¶

Arguments: unit : TimeUnits – The units for the returned value
Returns: The elapsed time since midnight, local time, in the units specified
Return type: real(64)

Warning

‘getCurrentTime()’ is deprecated please use ‘timeSinceEpoch().totalSeconds()’ instead

proc getCurrentDate(): (int, int, int)¶

Returns: (year, month, day) as a tuple of 3 ints

The month is in the range 1 to 12. The day is in the range 1 to 31

Warning

‘getCurrentDate’ is deprecated; access the individual fields of ‘date.utcToday()’ as needed instead, or use ‘date.today()’ for local wall time

proc getCurrentDayOfWeek(): day¶

Returns: The current day of the week, calculated from UTC time.
Return type: day

Warning

‘getCurrentDayOfWeek’ is deprecated; please use ‘date.utcToday().weekday()’ instead, or ‘date.today().weekday()’ for local wall time

proc sleep(t: real, unit: TimeUnits): void¶

Delay a task for a duration in the units specified. This function will return without sleeping and emit a warning if the duration is negative.

Arguments

t : real – The duration for the time to sleep
unit : TimeUnits – The units for the duration

Warning

‘sleep’ with a ‘TimeUnits’ argument is deprecated. Please use ‘sleep’ with a time in seconds

proc sleep(t: real): void

Delay a task for a duration specified in seconds. This function will return without sleeping and emit a warning if the duration is negative.

Arguments: t : real – The duration for the time to sleep

record stopwatch¶

Implements basic stopwatch behavior with a potential resolution of microseconds if supported by the runtime platform.

The stopwatch can be started, stopped, and cleared. A stopwatch is either running or stopped.

proc ref clear(): void¶: Clears the elapsed time. If the timer is running then it is restarted otherwise it remains in the stopped state.

proc ref start(): void¶: Starts the timer. A warning is emitted if the timer is already running.

proc ref stop(): void¶: Stops the timer. A warning is emitted if the timer is not running.

proc ref reset(): void¶: Clear the elapsed time and ensure the stopwatch is stopped

proc ref restart(): void¶: Clear the elapsed time and ensure the stopwatch is running

proc elapsed(unit: TimeUnits): real¶

Returns the cumulative elapsed time, in the units specified, between all pairs of calls to start and stop since the timer was created or the last call to clear. If the timer is running, the elapsed time since the last call to start is added to the return value.

Arguments: unit : TimeUnits – The units for the returned value
Returns: The elapsed time in the units specified
Return type: real(64)

Warning

‘stopwatch.elapsed’ with a ‘TimeUnits’ argument is deprecated. Please call ‘stopwatch.elapsed’ without an argument and assume it returns a time in seconds.

proc elapsed(): real

Returns the cumulative elapsed time, in seconds, between all pairs of calls to start and stop since the timer was created or the last call to clear. If the timer is running, the elapsed time since the last call to start is added to the return value.

Returns: The elapsed time in seconds
Return type: real(64)

record Timer¶

Warning

‘Timer’ is deprecated, please use ‘stopwatch’ instead

proc clear(): void¶: Clears the elapsed time. If the timer is running then it is restarted otherwise it remains in the stopped state.

proc ref start(): void¶: Starts the timer. A warning is emitted if the timer is already running.

proc ref stop(): void¶: Stops the timer. A warning is emitted if the timer is not running.

proc elapsed(unit: TimeUnits = TimeUnits.seconds): real¶

Returns the cumulative elapsed time, in the units specified, between all pairs of calls to start and stop since the timer was created or the last call to clear. If the timer is running, the elapsed time since the last call to start is added to the return value.

Arguments: unit : TimeUnits – The units for the returned value
Returns: The elapsed time in the units specified
Return type: real(64)

Warning

‘Timer.elapsed’ with a ‘TimeUnits’ argument is deprecated. Please call ‘stopwatch.elapsed’ without an argument and assume it returns a time in seconds.